There are several ways to cite and reference other research works. One of these is the IEEE style, which is mainly used in electrical, electronic, and computer engineering. In this method, in-text citations are numbered in square brackets, leading the reader to the full reference in the reference list.
It is necessary that, when listing Persian sources translated into English, the phrase [In Persian] be used at the end of the reference to an article originally written in Persian, in a standard form (that is, complete, consistent, and enclosed in brackets).
The DoI or DOR identifier, or both, is required at the end of each article's reference.
In-text Referencing (IEEE Style)
For IEEE-style referencing, in-text citations should be used as follows:
• Each source should be indicated by a number enclosed in square brackets [ ].
• References should be numbered in the order in which they appear in the text.
• Once a source has been cited, the same number should be used for all subsequent citations of that source.
• In-text citations may be placed within a sentence or at the end of a sentence, before any punctuation mark.
• To cite multiple sources at the same point, separate them with commas (,). If consecutive references are cited, use a hyphen (–) without spaces before or after it.
• Do not use phrases such as “in reference [5]”; instead, use only “in [5]”.
• To cite several sources together, they may be shown as [2, 3, 8–11]. However, it is recommended to place each citation in separate brackets, e.g., [2], [3], [8]–[11].
As shown by Hamidi et al. [1], and as discussed previously, ….
This theory was first proposed in 1999 [1].
For more details, see [1].
Several recent studies [1], [4], [10], [13] have suggested that ...
Several studies [1]–[7] have argued that ...
In citations that refer to a specific part of a source—such as details that may be difficult to locate—the page number is required. This page number should be included within th square brackets, for example [1, p. 3]
The author(s) need to be mentioned and the number of authors is two or fewer, their names may be included in the text. However, if there are more than two authors, it is recommended to mention only the first author, followed by “et al.”. Examples are provided below:
Hamidi [1] reported that ...
Hamidi and Abbasi [1] proposed a method for ...
Hamidi et al. [1] proposed a relationship
Reference List (IEEE Style)
In IEEE style referencing, all sources cited in the text should be fully listed at the end of the paper or thesis. This list includes all sources with their assigned numbers, starting from [1] and arranged in the order in which they appear in the text. The list is not sorted alphabetically.
The IEEE referencing format differs depending on the type of source. Below are the most common types of sources along with examples:
Journal article
[Ref number] Author initial. Last name, “Article title,” Journal Title, vol. Volume, no. Number, pp. Pages, Month Year.
[1] C. Kröher, L. Gerling, and K. Schmid, “Comparing the intensity of variability changes in software product line evolution,” J. Syst. Softw., vol. 203, no. 1, p. 111737, Sep 2023.
[4] F. Yan, Y. Gu, Y. Wang, C. M. Wang, X. Y. Hu, H. X. Peng, et al., "Study on the interaction mechanism between laser and rock during perforation," Optics and Laser Technology, vol. 54, pp. 303-308, Dec 2013.
Book
[Ref number] Author initial. Last name, Book Title. Place Published, Country: Publisher, Year.
[2] D. V. Taylor, How to Cite a Reference in IEEE Format. Cambridge, England: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2023.
[1] I. A. Glover and P. M. Grant, Digital Communications, 3rd ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall, 2009.
Book chapter
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, “Title of chapter in book,” in Book Title (italic), edition (if not first), Editor’s initials. Editor’s Surname, Ed. Place of publication: Publisher, Year, page numbers.
[2] C. W. Li and G. J. Wang, "MEMS manufacturing techniques for tissue scaffolding devices," in Mems for Biomedical Applications, S. Bhansali and A. Vasudev, Eds. Cambridge: Woodhead, 2012, pp. 192-217.
Conference paper
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, “Title of paper,” in Name of Conference, Location, Year, pp. xxx.
[6] S. Adachi, T. Horio, and T. Suzuki. "Intense vacuum-ultraviolet single-order harmonic pulse by a deep-ultraviolet driving laser," in Conf. Lasers and Electro-Optics, San Jose, CA, 2012, pp.2118-2120.
Theses/Dissertations
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, “Title of thesis,” Designation type, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., State, Year.
[3] M. Anjomshoa, “How to cite a reference in IEEE format,” M.S thesis, Department of Computer Sciences, Sharif Univ. Technol., Tehran, 2023.
[10] J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyser,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, 1993.
Websites
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Authors Surname. (Year, Month. Day). Title of web page [Online]. Available: URL
[4] J. P. Uribe. “Sands of time are running out for climate action on health.” World Bank. https://blogs.worldbank.org/health/sands-time-are-running-out-climate-action-health (accessed Dec. 5, 2023).
[14] Cadp. (2019, May. 26 ). Cadp-tools [Online]. Available: https://cadp.inria.fr/tools.html.
Note: Use of the DOI is highly encouraged. A DOI is guaranteed never to change, so you can use it as a permanent link to any electronic article. Here is an eaxmple:
[2] S. Doostali and S. M. Babamir, "An energy efficient cluster head selection approach for performance improvement in network-coding-based wireless sensor networks with multiple sinks," Computer Communications, vol. 164, 188-200, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2020.10.014.
Note: For Persian studies, if the English translation is used in the references section, the word "[In Persian]" must be mentioned at the end of it. For example
[1] N. Zahiri, S. M. Babamir, "A method to simplify patterns in web services compositions and select optimal probabilistic composition," Soft Computing Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 44-71, 2021, doi: 10.22052/SCJ.2021.243188.1003 [In Persian].